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Authors
Guo, Yujin
Kong, Lu
Liu, Jingjing
Li, Renzhe
Cui, Mengfei
Kong, Xinru
Li, Xue
Yang, Mengqi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Topics for High-Quality Development of Hospital Pharmacy in 2024 (NIHAYS2422)
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Ethics Board at Jining First People’s Hospital. The need for informed consent was waived because the study utilized anonymous, aggregate, and retrospective data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
