Updates are available Correction dated 2025-10-23

Article History

Received: 28 July 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Change Date: 23 October 2025

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11965-5

Declarations

:

: This study involved a secondary analysis of anonymised data originally collected under the study “Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the Accra Metropolis,” which received ethical approval from the Ethical Review Committee of the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Accra Technical University (Protocol number: ATU/MLT/ET/01192304B/2021–2022). The current analysis forms part of a planned extension of that original study. The original protocol explicitly permitted further analysis of the collected data for related investigations into SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics and variant characteristics. The original study included written informed consent from participants at the time of sample collection, in accordance with institutional procedures. The current retrospective analysis was conducted using fully anonymised clinical and laboratory data, including cycle threshold values and variant typing results. In line with the ethics committee’s guidelines, individual informed consent for this secondary analysis was waived. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with all applicable institutional and national ethical standards governing human research.

: Not applicable. This study involved secondary analysis of fully anonymised data, and no individual person’s data in any form (including images or identifiable information) are included in the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not Applicable