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Authors
Amour, Maryam
Joseph, Petra
Ngowi, Jackline
Issa, Anab
Moshiro, Candida
Ruhago, George
Munseri, Patricia
Balandya, Emmanuel
Fundikira, Lulu
Horsburgh, C. Robert Jr
Whalen, Christopher C.
Matee, Mecky
von Reyn, C. Fordham
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (5R01AI176581 - 03, 5R01AI176581 - 03, 5R01AI176581 - 03, 5R01AI176581 - 03, 5R01AI176581 - 03, 5R01AI176581 - 03, 5R01AI176581 - 03)
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Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance has been obtained from the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/4807), the local ethical review board at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS-REC-10-1427) and the Dartmouth Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects. Permission to collect data was obtained from the President’s Office of Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG) in mainland Tanzania and the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Education. Written consent and assent are obtained from each participant before undergoing any research procedures. Participants are free to withdraw consent at any time and for any reason, whether expressed or not. Participant data protection and confidentiality are guaranteed. The collection of data in the REDCap database is done by using a participant code that will not be connected to the participant’s name.
: Written informed consent and assent are obtained from each participant for any data to be published in this manuscript. A copy of the consent is available for review.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
