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Authors
Kim, Shin-Woo
Goo, Taewan
Noh, Seunghwan
Lee, Seungyeoun
Oh, Bumjo
Park, Taesung
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (No. 2021M3E5E3081425)
National Research Foundation (RS-2023 00227944)
Mid-Career Bridging Program through Seoul National University
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2024
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Seoul National University Institutional Review Board (IRB No. E2112/001–003). The IRB determined that the requirement for informed consent was waived because the analyses were conducted retrospectively using anonymized data derived from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. The use of NHIS data was additionally approved by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (NHIS-2022-1-549). All procedures of this study were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
