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Article History

Received: 27 June 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 31 October 2025

Declarations

:

: According to French regulation and in compliance with the reference methodology MR-004 (N°2208231v0) of the French National Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL), written informed consent was not required for this retrospective, non-interventional study. Patients (or their relatives, when applicable) were informed through the ICU admission booklet that anonymized clinical data could be reused for research purposes, with the possibility to refuse participation. No patient opposed the reuse of their data. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04430322, registration date 2020-06-12). It was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for observational studies. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the French Intensive Care Society (CE SRLF 22–062).

: Not applicable.

: GL has received financial support from Pfizer and Fresenius to participate in scientific meetings during the 5 years prior to publication. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships.