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Authors
Chang, Tu-Hsuan
Hu, Ya-Li
Chen, Wan-Chen
Fang, Chi-Tai
Ho, Shu-Yuan
Lee, Tai-Fen
Huang, Yu-Tsung
Tang, Hung-Jen
Chang, Luan-Yin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chi Mei Medical Center (CMOR11401, CMOR11505, CMFHR114060)
National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH 112_W001 and 113_W001, and 114_W001)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2314-B-002-228 and 113-2314-B-002-123)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of National Taiwan University Hospital (IRB No: 202301152RINC), Changhua Christian Hospital (IRB No: 240220), and Chi Mei Hospital (IRB No: 11301013). Because this was a retrospective analysis of de-identified laboratory records with no direct patient contact, the requirement for informed consent to participate was waived by all three IRBs in accordance with the institutional policies.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
