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Authors
An, Shuoyan
Ye, Zixiang
Che, Wuqiang
Gao, Yanxiang
Li, Jiahui
Zheng, Jingang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2022-1-4062)
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-NHLHCRF-YSPY-01)
Beijing Research Ward Construction Clinical Research Project (2022-YJXBF-04-03)
National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project (2020-QTL-009)
Chinese Society of Cardiology's Foundation (CSCF2021B02)
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Article History
Received: 13 July 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: We used the MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD databases in the present study. Data in the two databases were publicly available and all patient data were de-identified. The use of the MIMIC-IV and eICU has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and an informed consent waiver has been obtained. One of the authors (ASY) completed the web-based course and obtained permission for the database (certificate number: 39674606). All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
