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Article History

Received: 8 August 2025

Accepted: 13 October 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. All procedures performed in studies that involved human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Before data collection, oral and written information, and a signed informed consent were obtained.

: The patient provided a written informed consent for the personal or clinical details, and any identifying images to be published in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.