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Article History

Received: 23 April 2025

Accepted: 20 October 2025

First Online: 17 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants provided written informed consent prior to any study procedures. Ethics approvals were obtained from three human research ethics committees: the Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council of NSW (1474/18), the Aboriginal Health Research Ethics Committee (04-18-797), and St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney (2019/ETHO3406). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice (ICH/GCP) guidelines.

: Participant informed consent included acknowledgement of future publication and/or presentation of aggregated, de-identified data.

: One or more of the authors identifies as Indigenous or First Nations. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as an underrepresented ethnic minority in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of the LGBTQI + community.

: JG reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Abbott, bioLytical, Cepheid, Gilead Sciences, Hologic, and Roche. GVM reports grants from ViiV and Janssen, received honororia from ViiV and Gilead and participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for ViiV. LL has received speaker fees from Abbvie. KP reports grants from ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences GJD is a consultant or advisor for, and has received research grants from, AbbVie and Gilead. CT has been a consultant for Gilead Sciences. TLA reports grants from Cepheid and SpeeDx. MM has consulted or advised for AbbVie.JW has been a consultant for Gilead Sciences. All remaining authors have no potential conflicts to declare.