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Authors
Zhang, Yiheng
Wang, Yan
Jiao, Shuning
Li, Shu
Liu, Xu
Li, Tao
Qu, Yundong
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2024
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study received approval from the ethics committee at the Second Hospital of Shandong University.
: This is a retrospective study. All data were extracted from electronic medical records. The need for consent to participate was waived by the ethics committee at the Second Hospital of Shandong University.
: The consent to participate was waived by the ethics committee at the Second Hospital of Shandong University. Permission to reproduce material from other sources. We did not use materials from other sources.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
