Zhu, XingYu
Li, Wei
Lv, ZiWen
Pan, XuYang
Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The dataset in this study was obtained from MIMIC-IV 2.2. The Institutional Review Board of both Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) reviewed and authorized the project, providing a waiver of informed consent. As the data is publicly available and does not include identifiable patient information, informed patient consent was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.