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Authors
Contreras-Villa, Jesus
Rodríguez-Martínez, Griselda
Parra-Ortega, Israel
Romo-Castillo, Mariana
Cortés-Sarabia, Karen
Saldaña-Ahuactzi, Zeus
Flores-Alanis, Alejandro
Aureoles-Romero, Alfredo
Salazar-García, Marcela
González, James
Eslava-Campos, Carlos A.
Hernández-Chiñas, Ulises
Cruz-Rangel, Armando
Morales-Espinosa, Rosario
Cancino-Diaz, Mario Eugenio
Luna-Pineda, Victor M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIM-2021-007 SSA 1696)
Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (CF-2023-G-93)
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: The project was reviewed and approved by the Research Committee, Ethics Committee, and Biosecurity Committee from HIMFG with grant numbers HIM-2021-007 SSA 1696 (Adults) and HIM-2020-029 SSA-1664 (children and adolescents). The work was carried out following the international guidelines of the Helsinki postulates. Blood samples were collected according to the ethics and biosafety protocols published in the laboratory’s standardised guidelines. Since the general health law regulations on research state that sampling by either middle finger puncture or venipuncture is considered a minimal-risk procedure. All volunteers in the study provided informed consent (adults) and settlement (children and adolescents), which the corresponding author (V.L.) can provide upon request. All data were anonymised before analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
