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Authors
Latt, Phyu Mon
Ray, Anik
Lu, Heng
Soe, Nyi N.
Xu, Xianglong
Bao, Yining
Ong, Jason J.
Chow, Eric P. F.
Varma, Rick
Zhang, Lei
Fairley, Christopher K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1193955)
National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT2033299)
National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1172900)
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: This multi-site study received ethical approval from the Alfred Hospital Ethics Committee (Project 145/24) under the Human Research Ethics Application (HREA 105599). Site-specific approvals were obtained from both the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District (SESLHD) and Alfred Health (Victoria). The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. As this was a retrospective study using de-identified data, the Alfred Hospital Ethics Committee granted a consent waiver for the collection, use and disclosure of participants’ health and personal information in accordance with the Victorian Office of the Health Services Commissioner’s Statutory Guidelines on Research, the Health Records and Information Privacy Act 2002 (NSW): Statutory Guidelines on Research, and the NHMRC Guidelines approved under Sections 95 & 95 A of the Privacy Act 1988, ensuring compliance with ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
