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Authors
Ahumada Prado, Steven Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-9069
Mason, Shayne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-5768
Wood, Robin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-7117
Luies, Laneke https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4920-4090
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
South African Medical Research Council (MRC-RFA-UFSP-01-2013/CCAMP)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI147347)
National Research Foundation (129871)
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: This investigation adhered to the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonisation Guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committees of North-West University (NWU-00355-20-A1-05) and the University of Cape Town (680/2013). Participants provided written informed consent prior to sample collection.
: Not applicable (no participant-identifiable information or images are present).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
