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Authors
Alijaniha, Mahfam
Alijanihai, Mahdin
Mirzaalimohammadi, Mahdi
Vahdani, Yasaman
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (approval code ZUMS.REC.1394.322). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national ethical guidelines for medical research involving human data. Due to the retrospective and anonymized nature of the data extracted from Iran’s National Hospital Information System (HIS), the requirement for individual informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable, as no identifying images or personal details compromising anonymity are included in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
