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Authors
Lin, Tianwei
Wang, Zhihua
Chen, Weichao
Pan, Jianli
Zhao, Yujuan
Zhang, Yanmin
Wu, Haibin
Liu, Xiaoguai
Sun, Xinrong
Yang, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2023-ZDLSF-38)
Science and Technology Project of Xi'an (22XYJ0003)
Common technology research and development platform of Shaanxi Province (2023GXJS-01)
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Drug Clinical Trial Ethics Committee of Xi’an Children’s Hospital (approval number: 2023-002-01). For participants under 8 years of age, informed consent was obtained from their legal guardians. For participants aged 8 years and older, two forms of consent were obtained: one from the participants themselves and one from their legal guardians. For retrospective cases in which the participants had already been discharged, informed consent was obtained verbally from the participants’ legal guardians by phone. This verbal consent procedure was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee as part of the study protocol, and all calls were audio-recorded for documentation. The informed consent process for all participants, whether written or verbal, was conducted in accordance with the approved study protocol, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethical standards to ensure the rights, safety, and well-being of all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
