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Authors
Paroikaki, Maria
Navalan, Harin
Pallett, Scott J. C.
Mughal, Nabeela
Davies, Frances
Alqahtani, Saleh A.
Moore, Luke S. P.
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective analysis using routine collected data was registered with the Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust Research & Development department and deemed a service evaluation; as such inline with institutional policy and national guidance full ethical approval and/or any need for individual informed consent was waived (approval date 15-04-2023; number 995). AST data were pooled and no identifying demographic data were included in the analysis. The study was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations including the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: LSPM has consulted for or received speaker fees from bioMerieux (2013-2025), Eumedica (2016-2025), Pfizer (2018-2025), Sumitovant (2021-2023), Shionogi (2021-2025), Qiagen (2023-2025), BioNTech (2024), Insmed (2024), Advanz (2024-2025) and Gilead (2024) and received research grants from the National Institute for Health Research (2013-2025), CW+ Charity (2018-2025), North West London Pathology (2022-2024), LifeArc (2020-2022), Shionogi (2024-2025), the Joint Programming Initiative for Antimicrobial Resistance (2023-2025) and the Healthcare Infection Society (2024-2025). SJCP has received research grants from the Healthcare Infection Society and the Drummond Foundation not in connection with this work.
