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Authors
Tsafack, Desmon Toutou
Monamele, Chavely Gwladys
Koro Koro, Francioli
Essengue, Loique Landry Messanga
Mounchili-Njifon, Aristide
Esso, Linda
Njankouo Ripa, Mohamadou
Touoyem, Pascal Ibrahim
Mouliem, Jules Landry Mounchili
Tamoufe, Ubald
Moumbeket-Yifomnjou, Moïse Henri
Njouom, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3112-6370
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics and Institutional Committee of the University of Douala (CEI-Udo) (Approval No. 3971CEI-Udo/07/2023/M) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to enrollment, written informed consent was obtained from the parents of each child. All personal and identifiable information was anonymized to ensure the protection of participants’ privacy. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, as well as from the legal guardians of those under 16 years of age, in accordance with Cameroonian regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
