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Authors
Goodman, Sara H.
Mellis, Alexandra
Sarnquist, Clea C.
Grijalva, Carlos G.
Talbot, H. Keipp
Stockwell, Melissa S.
McLaren, Son H.
Sano, Ellen
Rao, Suchitra
Asturias, Edwin
Nguyen, Huong Q.
Belongia, Edward A.
Ellingson, Katherine D.
Lutrick, Karen
Bowman, Natalie M.
Lin, Jessica T.
Rolfes, Melissa A.
Biddle, Jessica E.
Smith-Jeffcoat, Sarah E.
Maldonado, Yvonne
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (75D30121C11656)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (5UL1TR002243-03)
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was reviewed and approved by the Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s Institutional Review Board (See 45 C.F.R. part 46.114; 21 C.F.R. part 56.114). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study.
: All of the authors have provided consent for the publication of this paper.
: Dr. Grijalva was a former advisor to Merck and has received grant/research support from AHRQ, CDC, FDA, NIH, and Syneos. Dr. McLaren received grants/contracts from NIH, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Dr. Rao received grant support from BioFire. Dr. Asturias was a former consultant for Hillevax and Moderna, Merck supported lecture at the Latin American Vaccine Summit, and received grant/research support from Pfizer. Health. Dr. McLean received grant/research support from CSL Sequiris and CSK. Dr. Bowman received grant/contracts from NIH, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, and North Carolina Collaboratory. Dr. Maldonado has received a research grant from Pfizer paid to her institution. All other authors have nothing to disclose.
