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Article History

Received: 13 September 2025

Accepted: 8 December 2025

First Online: 25 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Data provided by the Ministry of Health did not contain any patient identifiers and were therefore completely anonymous. Our retrospective observational study, as other studies based on hospital discharge database, fulfills the Italian regulations of ethics committees, which require only standard written informed consent at the time of hospital admission [ ]. This epidemiologic investigation was carried out in accordance with the ethical principles for human research outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The request for evaluation of this observational study has been approved by the Internal Review Board (University of L’Aquila, protocol number 20338, dated 16 February 2022).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.