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Authors
Wang, Qian
Zhang, Qisi
Dong, Yangyang
Qiao, Yingli
Wang, Fuyuan
Xu, Poshi
Liu, Hongzhi
Li, Tao
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital (approval number: 2023-LS-84). The requirement for both consent to participate and individual informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital due to the use of de-identified data and the retrospective nature of the analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
