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Authors
Xu, Yuwen
Li, Ling
Wang, Jin
Wan, Yanzhen
Li, Jingwen
Zhang, Lei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81502900)
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 25 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was done in accordance with ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and principles of good clinical practices. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital. Informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects have been observed.
: No interventions were performed on any individuals for the purposes of this study; only existing medical records were utilized. Data was anonymized and confidentiality was maintained in compliance with ethical standards. The data was collected in accordance with the consent provided by healthcare workers during their occupational exposure registration process.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
