Qin, Qin
Ye, Wentao
He, Tianyang
Xiang, Lisha
Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The MlMIC-IV database was approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA), and consent was obtained for the collection of original data. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Therefore, ethical approval and the need for informed consent were waived for this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.