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Authors
Xiao, Huihui
Zhao, Jin
Qiu, Jinsong
Chen, Shuilian
Zhou, Yinzhu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China ((2025JJ80516))
Health Commission of Hunan Province, China ((20256279))
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: In this study, the data were obtained from publicly accessible databases, namely the Public Health Science Data Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( ) and the China Health Statistics Yearbook ( ). Since this research invovled secondary analysis of pubilcy available, de-indentified data, ethics approval was not required. Under China’s national regulations and international ethical guidelines for secondary data analysis, formal ethics committee approval was not required. Data access protocols adhered to the policies of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
