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Authors
Al Sulaiman, Khalid
Alomair, Sufyan Mohammed
Alharbi, Aisha
Alqahtani, Rahaf
Alshehri, Asma A.
Aldairem, Atheer O.
Alsuhebany, Nada
Saleh, Khalid bin
Almutairi, Abdulaali R.
Alzahrani, Abdulmajeed A.
Munjem, Manea F. Al
Alotaibi, Noura H.
Alnemary, Rahaf A.
Musally, Abdullah
Alnefaie, Ahmed M.
Alasmari, Saja
Mahdi, Ibrahim
Alanazi, Nadin
Almutairi, Ahlam H.
Alkhuraif, Abdullah N.
Alanazi, Abdulaziz F.
Harbi, Wafa Al
Aljuhani, Ohoud
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved in November 2024 by King Abdullah International Medical Research Center Institutional Review Board, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Ref.# NRR24/059/11). Participants’ confidentiality was strictly observed throughout the study by using anonymous unique serial numbers for each subject and restricting data only to the investigators. Informed consent was not required due to the research’s method as per the policy of the governmental and local research center.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
