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Authors
Burgess, Catharine
Curran, Alan
Ceci, Alessandro
Finkielstein, Carla V.
Lahmers, Kevin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Agricultural Research Service
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 25 December 2025
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: No identifiable information was included or accessible by the researchers for the duration of this study. Proposed secondary use of this data was reviewed by the Virginia Tech Institutional review board, in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. The historical data analysis presented in this study was determined by the VT IRB to constitute non-human research as the data provided to our group consisted only of de-identified RT-qPCR results. As such consent to participate was not necessary. Data used in this study was compiled in accordance with the VT IRB to ensure all necessary de-identification of data for non-human research. Historical samples from the sampling period were initially collected and tested with approval from the Virginia Tech Institutional Review Board (IRB# 20–852).
: Not applicable.
: Authors C. B. and A. Curran are spouses. There are no other potential competing interests to declare.
