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Authors
Hsieh, Shang-Jung
Chen, Chii-Shiang
Lee, Susan Shin-Jung
Tsai, Hung-Chin
Chen, Yao-Shen
Wu, Kuan-Sheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (KSVGH-112-075)
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB No. KSVGH21-CT6-14), and all participants provided written informed consent before enrollment. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
