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Authors
Geng, Haiying
Wang, Xiaorong
Rayburn, Elizabeth R.
Wang, Qiuhong
Bao, Xinxin
Hu, Ruikun
Li, Haibo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nantong University Clinical Medicine Specialized Research Fund (2024JQ041)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202063)
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Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
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: The procedures followed in this study were in accordance with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964, amended most recently in 2008) of the World Medical Association. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Commission of Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University (approval No. Y2025043), who also waived the written informed consent due to the retrospective design of the study.
: Not applicable. Patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymous clinical data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
