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Authors
Sahai, Nikhil
Thomas, Nimi Elizabeth
Kumar, Dilesh
Miraculine, Hannah
Anish Selwyn, Joshua
Thamizh, Isai
Rose, Winsley
Fenn, Baker Ninan
Gowrishankar, B.
Ashok, Narmada
John, Jacob https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3654-5099
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-036437)
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Article History
Received: 18 October 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: The original VEVACT study was approved by the Indian Health Ministry Screening Committee (proposal ID 2022–16229, dated March 16, 2022) and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Christian Medical College, Vellore (IRB minutes number 14247, dated 29/09/2021). Written informed consent was obtained from all adult participants and parents or guardians of the child participants, and assent was sought wherever applicable. All research activities conducted as part of the VEVACT study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
