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Authors
Naganuma, Toru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4864-8805
Takahashi, Sei
Aita, Tetsuro
Nakagawa, Hiroaki
Nakamoto, Yohei
Takada, Toshihiko
Hamaguchi, Sugihiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Futaba Emergency and General Medicine Support Center, Fukushima Medical University
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan [Project for Fostering Advanced Medical Human Resources]
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine (approval number: REC2025-062), which waived the requirement for written informed consent from each patient as this study utilized only existing records. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
