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Authors
Lyakurwa, Dennis M.
Lekule, Isack Augustino
Mziray, Shabani Ramadhani
Balama, Robert Fidelis
Sililo, Galus
Kisonga, Riziki Michael
Yao, Weiguang
Ai, Fuzhi
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: The ethics committee/IRB of Southern Medical University and the Tanzanian Ministry of Health approved the study protocol for this study. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. We used anonymized and de-identified data to protect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals represented in the data set, rendering informed consent not necessary. The study adhered to National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) and data protection. Access to data was restricted to authorized personnel involved in the research. The approve to publish this data was obtained from Tanzania Ministry of Health.
: Approved by Tanzania Ministry of Health.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
