Lu, Zhan-Peng
Wang, Yu-Chen
Fu, Li
Huang, Fan
Huang, Li-Hua
Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 15 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. MIMIC-IV is an anonymized public database. The project was approved by the institutional review boards of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and was given a waiver of informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.