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Authors
Dakroub, Fatima
Boutros, Celina F.
Teixeira, Diego
Alkalamouni, Habib
Hamzah, Nagham
Hourani, Nancy
Haddara, Amani
Dalle, Samar
Khreis, Dima
Tawil, Elsy
Baasiri, Silma
Zein, Zeinab El
Naser, Mayse
Korman, Rawan
Sraj, Maher
Salameh, Yara
Merhi, Sarah
Faour, Kawthar
Tfaily, Nadim
Damaj, Stephanie
Taleb, Mohammad
Ghanem, Soha
Dakdouki, Ghenwa
Shaker, Rouba
Chokr, Imad
Breish, David
Karam, Maria
Melhem, Nada M.
Fayad, Antoine Abou
Zaraket, Hassan
Harrison, Ewan M.
Matar, Ghassan M.
Dbaibo, Ghassan S.
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Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki in 2013. The study was approved by the American University of Beirut Institutional Review Board (IRB) (protocol number: BIO-2018–0501). Clinical trial number: not applicable.
: Informed written consent was obtained from all patients included in the study, or from their legal representatives when patients were unable to provide consent. All collected samples were de-identified and assigned a unique study code. To maintain confidentiality, data were stored on a password-protected database in the CIDR that is accessible only to the IRB-approved study members.
: G. Dbaibo reports receiving research grants to his institution, serving on advisory boards, and receiving honoraria for lectures from Pfizer, MSD, Sanofi, and GSK. H. Zaraket is an employee and shareholder of Roche Products Ltd. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or material discussed in the manuscript
