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Authors
Boondouylan, Tharathip
Nuwong, Warinya
Horthongkham, Navin
Suwannakarn, Kamol
Angkasekwinai, Nasikarn
Tansirichaiya, Supathep
Taiphakphaibun, Piyarat
Nitayanon, Perapon
Suputtamongkol, Yupin
Sarasombath, Patsharaporn Techasintana
Chaimayo, Chutikarn
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand (COA no. Si 604/2023; SIRB protocol no. 457/2566 (IRB4)). The IRB granted a waiver of informed consent for this part of the study because the samples used were leftover clinical specimens, posing minimal risk to participants.
: Not applicable.
: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT-5.1 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) to correct typographical and grammatical errors and to improve overall readability. The authors reviewed and approved all content after the use of this tool, and take full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
