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Authors
Nithirungruang, Phuwakrit
Techasaensiri, Chonnamet
Boonsathorn, Sophida
Chaisavaneeyakorn, Sujittra
Apiwattanakul, Nopporn
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University (MURA2023/843). As this was a retrospective study using anonymized patient data, the ethics committee waived the requirement for informed consent and assent in accordance with the institutional guidelines. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
