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Authors
Bi, Guangliang
Xiao, Qingyan
He, Jie
Xiao, Shuzhe
Yang, Jie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515012021)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2701700)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University (approval number: NFEC-2022-446) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. For the retrospective analysis of existing clinical data, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the aforementioned ethics committee due to the non-interventional nature of the study and minimal risk to participants. However, for the prospective component involving flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subsets in neonates, written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians of all participants under the age of 16 prior to sample collection and analysis. Similarly, for the healthy control group, written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians for the collection and use of clinical data and biological samples. All consent procedures were conducted in accordance with the regulations outlined in the Chinese Ethical Review Methods for Biomedical Research Involving Humans (2016) and approved by the institutional ethics committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
