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Authors
Kattner, Simone
Hochreiter, Marcel
Dörr, Ann-Kathrin
Engler, Andrea
Möhlen, Hannah
Freitag, Verena
Pawlytta, Ksenia
Brenner, Thorsten
Meyer, Folker
Kraiselburd, Ivana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Essen
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the University Hospital Essen ethics committee (BO Nr. 20-9637). The research performed in this study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration of Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants.
: Not applicable.
: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thorsten Brenner declare the following competing interests:- Honoraria for lectures. CSL Behring GmbH, Schöchl medical education GmbH, Biotest AG, Baxter Deutschland GmbH, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH, Astellas Pharma GmbH, B. Braun Melsungen AG, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Daiichi Sankyo Deutschland GmbH, Akademie für Infektionsmedizin e.V., Lücke Kongresse GmbH, Pfizer Deutschland GmbH, MVZ Labor Dr. Limbach & Kollegen GbR, Noscendo GmbH - Grants. Fraunhofer IGB - Advisory boards: Baxter Deutschland GmbH, BAYER AG - Research Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Dietmar Hopp Stiftung, Stiftung Universitätsmedizin Essen, Heidelberger Stiftung Chirurgie, Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) - Leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI), Deutsche Sepsisgesellschaft (DSG), Deutsche Interdisziplinäre Vereinigung für Intensiv- & Notfallmedizin (DIVI), Westdeutsches Zentrum für Infektiologie (WZI). The other authors declare no conflict of interest.
