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Article History

Received: 9 September 2025

Accepted: 26 January 2026

First Online: 29 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (approval number: TJ-IRB202411077). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective and anonymized nature of the analysis. All patient data were de-identified before analysis to ensure privacy and confidentiality.

: All authors hereby confirm that the study is based on anonymized data and does not require consent. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form that can be used to identify the person, and all necessary steps have been taken to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of the participants’ information.The institutional review board waived the requirement for informed consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.