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Authors
Damessa, Mekonnen
Assefa, Desta
Hasen, Gemmechu
Umeta, Belachew
Melaku, Tsegaye
Kinati, Geremew
Abdulsemed, Kedir Abdella
Kebede, Dereje
Waktola, Habtewold Deti
Gudina, Esayas Kebede
Suleman, Sultan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jimma University (JUIH/IRB/716/23)
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Article History
Received: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Jimma University with approval number JUIH/IRB/716/23. Official permission to collect data was obtained from the relevant Jimma zonal and district health offices and the administration of each participating hospital. Collected data were de-identified during data collection and data were analyzed in aggregate to maintain confidentiality and anonymity of information in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki [ ].
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable. This retrospective study used anonymized medical records and was granted a waiver of informed consent by the Jimma University IRB (Ref. no JUIH/IRB/716/23).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
