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Authors
Salehi, Shah Agha
Muangnoicharoen, Sant
Sriboonvorakul, Natthida
Thaipadungpanit, Janjira
Dhitavat, Jittima
Silachamroon, Udomsak
Chancharoenthana, Wiwat
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by Mahidol University (MUTM 2023-068-01/02) and the Research Ethics Committee of Nangarhar Medical Faculty (NMF-REC-014-2023; Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their caregivers, as applicable. for participants unable to provide a written signature due to illiteracy, informed consent was documented using a thumbprint in the presence of an independent witness after ensuring that the study procedures were clearly explained and voluntarily agreed upon. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
