Ji, Xiang-Fen
Zhou, Qi
Li, Jia
Gao, Shuai
Wang, Zhen-Li
Wang, Jing-Wei
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82400728)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022MH006)
Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee in Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University (KYLL-KS-2023155). Given the retrospective nature of the research, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for obtaining informed consent from patients.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
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