Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 July 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 28 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The MIMIC-IV database was approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA) and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA). Consent was obtained for the collection of original data. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees, as well as the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments, or other ethical standards. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were waived for this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.