Adusei-Poku, Mildred Asumamaa
Ativi, Lawrencia Ami Emefa
Zakariah, Hawawu Ahmed
Bonney, Evelyn Yayra
Asante, Ivy Asantewaa
Dayie, Nicholas T. K. D.
Kyei, George Boateng
Danso, Justice Kwesi
Oclu, Agnes
Amegashie, Esimebia
Quaye, Osbourne
Paintsil, Elijah
Torpey, Kwasi
Egyir, Beverly
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH D43 TW011526 to EP)
West African Genetic Medicine Centre (ST/MS/020/2022)
The SeqAfrica project funded by the Department of Health and Social Care’s Fleming Fund using UK aid
Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ghana Health Service (GHS-ERC:007/09/22). The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the ethical guidelines of the ethics committee. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants prior to their recruitment.
: Not applicable.
: Elijah Paintsil is an associate editor of the BMC journal.