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Authors
Zhan, Feng-Fu
Hu, Shi-Shen
Xu, Fa-Guang
Han, Xiao-Xia
Tian, Zhi-Zhou
Li, Huan-Le
Xie, Kang
Wang, Li-Fen
Xia, Zhi-Cun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xiamen Medical and Health Guidance Project (3502Z20224ZD1060)
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Pengyang County People’s Hospital, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China (Approval No. 2025-001), and by the Ethics Committee of Haiyuan County People’s Hospital, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China (Approval No. 2024-020). Given the retrospective design and the use of de-identified, routinely collected clinical data from adult patients, both committees waived the requirement for individual informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable local regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
