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Authors
Maina, Anthony Karoki
Maingi, John
Mutuma, Caroline Kirito
Musyoki, Abednego Moki
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Kenyatta University Ethical Review Board (Protocol approval no. PKU/2397/11533). The research was conducted in accordance with Helsinki Declaration. Informed written consent was secured from each participant. Personal identification number, unique to each participant, was assigned to all samples collected to ensure confidentiality. There was no monetary gain for the participants, and no penalties were imposed on those who refused to participate in the study. The National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation issued a research permit (NACOSTI, Ref No. 673892), and the management of Kiambu County Referral Hospital granted permission to collect samples from the facility.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
