Liu, Zhuo-Qi
Zhou, Ben-Gang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-3034
Chen, Yuan-Yuan
Fang, Jing-Wen
Yu, Yue
Zhang, Min
Ding, Yan-Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-2199
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273084)
Yangzhou Medical Key Discipline (YZYXZDXK-12)
Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 14 February 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) conducted the survey and received approval from the NCHS Institutional Review Board (IRB). Before data collection and NHANES health examinations, informed consent was obtained from all eligible subjects. ( ). Furthermore, all authors affirmed that the methods employed in the study adhered to the relevant NHANES Analytic Guidelines. ( )
: Not applicable.
: The NHANES was authorized by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Committee, and all participants completed written informed consent forms before participation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.