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Authors
Liu, Chunhua
Liu, Yingguo
Liu, Jingjing
Lv, Zhaoyong
Qin, Yanan
Li, Mengpeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024ME266)
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: All data were sourced from the publicly available NHANES, which received informed consent from all participants and was ethically approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
