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Article History

Received: 28 July 2025

Accepted: 20 February 2026

First Online: 24 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the ethics committee of Department of Public Health at Mattu University College of Health Sciences (Reference No. RCSIL/342/16). Upon receiving permission from the respective regional authorities and health facilities, Informed consent was not applicable for this study as we used secondary data. However, ethical clearance and permission to access the data were obtained from the responsible authorities. and Data were extracted from patient charts, electronic medical records (EMRs), ART registries, high-viral-load registers, and high-viral-load registration books. The study was conducted following the relevant guidelines, regulations, and principles of the Helsinki Declaration [ ]. Data were extracted from clinical registration records, and consent was obtained through documentation already recorded in the patient files, consistent with institutional guidelines and ethical standards. Data confidentiality was strictly maintained at all levels by avoiding personal identifiers, and the data were used exclusively for the purposes of this research. Finally, the recorded data were kept safe by locking them in a secure location, accessible only by the principal investigator.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.