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Authors
Li, Fei
Sun, Yong
Huang, Luci
Yang, Ruiting
Yao, Jianing
Cui, Yue
Li, Qiuping
Chen, Xiangpeng
Xie, Zhengde
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
High-Level Healthcare Technical Talent in the Capital Health System of Beijing (Core Research Member - 03-38)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (L256024)
Funding for Reform and Development of Beijing Municipal Health Commission (EYGF-BD-03)
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Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the medical ethics committee of the Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University (ethics approval number: 2017-k-15, 2022-E-047-R, 2025-Y-276-D). The ethics committee approved the waiver of informed consent from parents/guardians of the minors, because the present study was a retrospective analysis of clinical data and all methods were performed in accordance with the ethical guidelines. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
