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Authors
Mbambala, Divine
Munkombwe, Derick
Muungu, Lungwani T.
Hangoma, Jimmy M.
Kampamba, Martin
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Zambia Health Science Research Ethics Committee (UNZAHSREC), Protocol ID: 202301270094 and the Zambia National Health Authority. Permission to conduct the study and access to patient files was obtained from both the University and the Levy Mwanawasa Teaching Hospitals’ management. Participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors used Grammarly software for language editing purposes only. No generative AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT) were used in the preparation of this manuscript, and all intellectual content was developed by the authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
